Denne viser hvordan selv de uten diabetes får økt cytokinverdi (betennelse) i blodet i 1-2 timer etter blodsukkerstigning. I denne studien var det snakk om blodsukker over 15 mmol/L. De sier at blodsukker økninger påvirker cytokinnivået mer enn et stabilt høyt blodsukker.

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/106/16/2067.full

Control Subjects:

Plasma IL-6 levels rose from a basal value of 2.0±0.7 pg/mL to a peak of 3.1±0.9 pg/mL at 1 hour (P<0.01) and returned to basal level at 3 hours (Figure 2).

Fasting plasma TNF-α levels were 3.3±1.2 pg/mL; they peaked at 1 hour (4.9±1.4 pg/mL, P<0.01), and returned to baseline at 3 hours.

Plasma IL-18 levels rose from a basal value of 116±28 pg/mL to a peak of 140±31 pg/mL at 2 hours (P<0.01) and returned to basal levels at 3 hours (110±26 pg/mL).

The novel findings of the present study were that (1) acute hyperglycemia in control and in IGT subjects induces an increase in plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 concentrations; (2) the effect of sustained hyperglycemia is reproduced by transient oscillations in plasma glucose and is amplified by the IGT status; and (3) the antioxidant glutathione completely prevents the rise in plasma cytokines induced by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that hyperglycemic spikes affect cytokine concentrations more than continuous hyperglycemia, at least in the short term, and suggest that an oxidative mechanism mediates the effect of hyperglycemia.

Another finding of the present study was that glutathione, a powerful antioxidant, completely prevented cytokine increase induced by oscillatory hyperglycemia in healthy humans. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, ³² along with soluble advanced glycation end products and products of lipid peroxidation, possibly serves as a key activator of upstream kinases, leading to induction of inflammatory gene expression.³³