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This Coach Improved Every Tiny Thing by 1 Percent and Here’s What Happened

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Success is a few simple disciplines, practiced every day; while failure is simply a few errors in judgment, repeated every day.
—Jim Rohn

Artikkelen beskriver verdien i «aggregation of marginal gains.», den samlede effekten av 1% økning i mange områder av livet gir bedre resltater enn stør økning i få områder. Nevner eksempel med et Tour De France team.

This Coach Improved Every Tiny Thing by 1 Percent and Here’s What Happened

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Uncertainty Increases Pain: Evidence for a Novel Mechanism of Pain Modulation Involving the Periaqueductal Gray

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Om at følelsen av usikkerhet gir økt smerte.

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/13/5638.full

Predictions about sensory input exert a dominant effect on what we perceive, and this is particularly true for the experience of pain. However, it remains unclear what component of prediction, from an information-theoretic perspective, controls this effect. We used a vicarious pain observation paradigm to study how the underlying statistics of predictive information modulate experience. Subjects observed judgments that a group of people made to a painful thermal stimulus, before receiving the same stimulus themselves. We show that the mean observed rating exerted a strong assimilative effect on subjective pain. In addition, we show that observed uncertainty had a specific and potent hyperalgesic effect. Using computational functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that this effect correlated with activity in the periaqueductal gray. Our results provide evidence for a novel form of cognitive hyperalgesia relating to perceptual uncertainty, induced here by vicarious observation, with control mediated by the brainstem pain modulatory system.

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Cc to the brain: how neurons control fine motor behavior of the arm

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OM at ryggraden utviklet seg før hjernen, og at det viser seg at ryggraden sender signaler ikke bare ut i armer og bein, men samtidig opp til hjernen.

http://www.unibas.ch/index.cfm?uuid=E34D435E99D6097F77CE8C5E0D49B1B2&type=search&show_long=1

Chiara Pivetta, first author of the publication, explains: “The motor command to the muscle is sent in two different directions – in one direction, to trigger the desired muscular contraction and in the other, to inform the brain that the command has actually been passed on to the musculature.” In analogy to e mail transmission, the information is thus not only sent to the recipient but also to the original requester.

Interestingly, the scientists only observed this kind of information flow to the brain for arm, but not for leg control. “What this shows,” says Arber, “is that this information pathway is most likely important for fine motor skills. Compared to the leg, movements of our arm and especially our hands have to be far more precise. Evidently, our body can only ensure this level of accuracy in motor control with constant feedback of information.”

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Måle Vitalkapasitet (lungevolum) med ballong

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Denne videoen beskriver hvordan vital kapasitet måles enkelt med en ballong. En greit teknikk å bruke for å sjekke din fremgang med diafragma øvelsene i Verkstedet Breathing System.

Den nevner også hvordan man regner ut kroppens overflateareal, Body Surface Area: BSA = roten av ( (høyde (cm)*vekt (kg)) / 3600)

For så å kunne beregnes hva en vital kapsitet burde være (svaret vises i kubikkcentimeter, cm3):

Menn: BSA * 2500

Kvinner: BSA *  2000

Den virkelige vitalkapsiteten måles ved å blåse i en ballong (som er strekt ut først for å gjøre den mest mulig rund) 3 ganger, og så forholde seg til det største volumet.

Ballong diameteren viser lungevolum i denne grafen:

lungevolum ballong test

Man regner med at alt over 80% av forventet vitalkapsitet er normalt.