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Nevropatiske utglidninger

Artikkel fra Tidsskriftet om forenkling av nevropatiske liderlser og diagnoseverktøyet painDETECT. Nevner bl.a. mye om at diagnoser er veldig individuelle basert på hvilke spesialister man oppsøker. + nevner mye om nevropati generelt.

http://tidsskriftet.no/article/3012269

«Det er lite klinisk kunnskapsgrunnlag for at det er mulig å stille valide, patogenetisk baserte diagnoser hos flertallet av pasienter med uspesifikke ryggplager uten tegn til radikulopati (9). Det er generelt lav diagnostisk konsensus, og diagnosen som stilles, avhenger i stor grad av hvilken type «ryggspesialist» som oppsøkes (10). Slik diagnostisk uenighet bidrar til forvirring og helseangst hos pasienten, medfører ofte overbehandling, og i verste fall ytterligere kronifisering (7,8).»

«Ved radikulopatier er den diagnostiske presisjon høyere, og her gir det mer mening å bruke nevropatibetegnelsen. «

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Physician variation in diagnostic testing for low back pain. Who you see is what you get.

Studie som nevner at diagnostisering i ryggplager er nytteløst siden avhenger så mye av terapeutens individualitet.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8129759?dopt=Abstract

«There is little consensus, either within or among specialties, on the use of diagnostic tests for patients with back pain. Thus, the diagnostic evaluation depends heavily on the individual physician and his or her specialty, and not just the patient’s symptoms and findings. «

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Mechanical or inflammatory low back pain. What are the potential signs and symptoms

Studie som beskriver forskjellen mellom betennelses og mekansik smerte. Dog det er liten forskjell med tanke på kronisk smerte, nevner denne studien mange interessante poenger.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555728
Hele som pdf: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/5300497_Mechanical_or_inflammatory_low_back_pain._What_are_the_potential_signs_and_symptoms/file/d912f50e6f8ae9e751.pdf

«NSLBP is commonly described as being ‘‘mechanical’’ (Batt and Todd, 2000; Chaudhary et al., 2004; Valat, 2005) or ‘‘inflammatory’’ (Saal, 1995; Ross, 2006). Although these labels have no universally accepted defini- tions, there is evidence to support the involvement of both mechanical and inflammatory factors in the generation of LBP (Biyani and Andersson, 2004; Hurri and Karppinen, 2004; Igarashi et al., 2004; Abbott et al., 2006; Al-Eisa et al., 2006; Ross, 2006).»

«The relationship between inflammation and pain, however, is not clear. Although a recent study found that the mean intensity of pain over 24 h was indepen- dently associated with high levels of high sensitivity C reactive protein in patients with acute sciatica (less than 8 weeks), this association was not found in patients with chronic LBP (Stu ̈ rmer et al., 2005).»

«Similarly, the relationship between pain that wakes a patient up and inflammation is not clear.»
«Although the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 may alter sleep behaviour (Mullington et al., 2001), there did not appear to be an association between improvements in pain and joint stiffness»
«Although pain on lifting is commonly thought to rep- resent mechanical pain, the relationship between spinal load and pain is not clear.»

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Subacromial impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tendinopathy: The dilemma of diagnosis

Studie presentert på Fysioterapeuten som viser at diagonstisk spesifisitet ikke er tilfredsstillende i vurdering av strukturelle funn. Dette er, etter min mening, helt åpenbart og selvfølgelig straks man innser at menneskekroppen er en organisme og ikke en (bio)mekanisme. I «organismer» er det flere levende systemer som påvirker hverandre på mange nivåer, så å finne ETT enkelt årsaksutgangspunkt er nytteløst. Ikke minst når det gjelder smertesymptomer.

http://fysioterapeuten.no/Fag-og-vitenskap/Fagartikler/Subacromial-impingement-syndrome-and-rotator-cuff-tendinopathy-The-dilemma-of-diagnosis

«Sometimes the specificity of a test may only be 50% (16, 17) which would not allow the clinician to develop an informed opinion as to where the symptoms were coming from. Calis et al (18) reported a sensitivity of 88.7% and a specificity of  30.5% for the Neer impingement sign. Litaker et al (19) reported values of 97.4% and 9.0% for the same test. Calis et al (18) reported sensitivity and specificity values of 92.1% and 25% for the Hawkin’s test. These figures clearly question the ability to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Hegedus et al (20) have recently published a comprehensive review investigating clinical shoulder tests. They concluded that the use of any single shoulder orthopaedic tests to make a conclusive diagnosis is questionable. »

«Currently it appears that the process of making a diagnosis using a combination of clinical tests supported by imaging findings will not allow a clinician to arrive at a structural diagnosis with certainty (26). This has been recognized by clinicians treating other areas of the body (33, 34).»

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Neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system to diagnose lumbar spinal disc herniation with suspected radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Studie som viser dårlig spesifisitet i diagnose av korsrygg plager og utstråling.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23499340

«Pooled data for sensory testing demonstrated low diagnostic sensitivity for surgically (0.40) and radiologically (0.32) confirmed disc herniation, and identification of a specific level of disc herniation (0.35), with moderate specificity achieved for all the three reference standards (0.59, 0.72, and 0.64, respectively). Motor testing for paresis demonstrated similarly low pooled diagnostic sensitivities (0.22 and 0.40) and moderate specificity values (0.79 and 0.62) for surgically and radiologically determined disc herniation, whereas motor testing for muscle atrophy resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 0.31 and the specificity was 0.76 for surgically determined disc herniation.»

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Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination in identifying the level of herniation in patients with sciatica.

Nevner at diagnostisk spesifisitet ikke er tilfredsstillende. Med tanke på at konvensjonell medisin legger så mye av sin yrkesstolthet i spesifikke diagnoser viser denne studien at vi kanskje må revurdere vårt mekaniske kroppsbilde og heller gå over til et organisk kroppsbilde hvor vi tar hensyn til at mange forkjellige systemer påvirker hverandre.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224761

«The dermatomal pain location was generally the most informative individual neurologicaltest. »

«The current study did not find evidence to support the accuracy of individual tests from the neurologicalexamination in identifying the level of disc herniation demonstrated on MRI.»